{"id":24,"date":"2020-03-10T14:39:46","date_gmt":"2020-03-10T14:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lbtaal.devlr.nl\/?page_id=24"},"modified":"2020-06-26T15:10:09","modified_gmt":"2020-06-26T14:10:09","slug":"digital-library","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.limburgs.org\/en\/digital-library\/","title":{"rendered":"Library"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"24\" class=\"elementor elementor-24\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e4ea19 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e4ea19\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91f7f24\" data-id=\"91f7f24\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8deef03 elementor-hidden-phone elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8deef03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19be4ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"19be4ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 2.8em; color: #4a4a4a; margin: 0;\">Digital Library<\/h1><h2 style=\"font-size: 14.2px; color: #4b69a7; margin: 0;\">noun (countable) \/\u02c8d\u026ad.\u0292\u026at.\u0259l \u02c8la\u026abr\u0259ri\/<br \/><br \/><\/h2><p>an online place where books, documents and other texts written in dialects of Limburgish are digitally available to borrow or look at<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7129e1a\" data-id=\"7129e1a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb6973 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fcb6973\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.limburgs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/E-Library-Page-Identity-Image.png\" title=\"E-Library &#8211; Page Identity Image\" alt=\"E-Library - Page Identity Image\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0e98ff8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0e98ff8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b4a743\" data-id=\"9b4a743\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-965c6bb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"965c6bb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b0df57\" data-id=\"3b0df57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b7f96f elementor-cta--skin-cover elementor-widget elementor-widget-call-to-action\" data-id=\"9b7f96f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"call-to-action.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg elementor-bg\" style=\"background-image: url();\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__bg-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-cta__title elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLimburg portal of the DBNL\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-cta__button-wrapper elementor-cta__content-item elementor-content-item \">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-cta__button elementor-button elementor-size-md\" href=\"https:\/\/dbnl.org\/letterkunde\/limburg\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGo to Portal\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c64bfdc\" data-id=\"c64bfdc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ab203d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8ab203d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/dbnl.org\/letterkunde\/limburg\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"912\" height=\"285\" src=\"https:\/\/www.limburgs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linkpicture.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-742\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.limburgs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linkpicture.png 912w, https:\/\/www.limburgs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linkpicture-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/www.limburgs.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/linkpicture-768x240.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 912px) 100vw, 912px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e46da5d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e46da5d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a899bcc\" data-id=\"a899bcc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-768001f elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"768001f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"custom-divider\"><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41f5cec elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41f5cec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5249373\" data-id=\"5249373\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c34400 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c34400\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Some Limburgish literature is available on the Limburg Portal of the Digital Library of Dutch Literature of the Royal Library (DBNL). DBNL allows you to search for and download texts on your e-reader.<\/p><p>The Digital Library of the Limburgish Academy will be online in a few years. Currently, we are collecting Limburgish texts for the <a href=\"\/en\/corpus\">Limburgish Corpus<\/a>. Our Digital Library will display literary texts. These will include original literature of Limburgish authors such as prose, poetry and plays. Also translations of e.g. Shakespeare&#8217;s &#8216;A Midsummer-night&#8217;s Dream&#8217; (<em>Ein \u00f4ngerst\u00f3ng v\u00f4l touvering<\/em>) and Lewis Carol&#8217;s &#8216;Alice&#8217;s Adventures in Wonderland&#8217; (<em>De Avventure vaan Alice in Woonderland<\/em>) will be displayed.<\/p><p>Limburgish has been used as a written language and in literature since the early Middle Ages. From the end of the 18th century, the various dialects were increasingly used in writing. A more detailed account is available in the <a href=\"\/en\/digital-library\/#library-more\">Limburgish Literature History<\/a> section.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c0435e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c0435e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d47f3cd\" data-id=\"d47f3cd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe2311d level4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"fe2311d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"library-more\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Read lots more<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2661\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2661\"><h1 class=\"headline2\" style=\"text-align: center;\">Short overview of the Limburgish literary and writing tradition<\/h1><p><span class=\"desktop-map\"><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"map-image\" style=\"width: 1090px; max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/timeline-e1586546695786.jpg\" alt=\"\" usemap=\"#timeline-map\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><map name=\"timeline-map\"> <area title=\"1986 - now\" coords=\"966, 57, 1078, 118\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1986-now\" \/> <area title=\"1945 - 1960\" coords=\"838, 57, 956, 118\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1945-1960\" \/> <area title=\"1960 - 1985\" coords=\"886, 217, 1002, 279\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1960-1985\" \/> <area title=\"1918 - 1945\" coords=\"789, 300, 905, 361\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1918-1945\" \/> <area title=\"20th century\" coords=\"734, 217, 864, 279\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#20th\" \/> <area title=\"17th - 19th century\" coords=\"517, 217, 703, 278\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#17th-18th\" \/> <area title=\"18th - 19th century\" coords=\"638, 55, 805, 120\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#18th-19th\" \/> <area title=\"14th - 16th century\" coords=\"389, 54, 559, 119\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#14th-16th\" \/> <area title=\"11th - 13th century\" coords=\"194, 217, 382, 280\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#11th-13th\" \/> <area title=\"9th - 11th century\" coords=\"21, 57, 191, 118\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#9th-11th\" \/> <\/map><\/p><p><span class=\"mobile-map\"><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"map-image\" style=\"width: 615px; max-width: 100%; height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/timeline-mobile-LI.jpg\" alt=\"\" usemap=\"#mobile-timeline-map\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><map name=\"mobile-timeline-map\"> <area title=\"1985 - now\" coords=\"345, 510, 485, 589\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1986-now\" \/> <area title=\"1945 - 1960\" coords=\"344, 424, 485, 501\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1945-1960\" \/> <area title=\"1960 - 1985\" coords=\"151, 478, 293, 555\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1960-1985\" \/> <area title=\"1918 - 1945\" coords=\"4, 440, 147, 518\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#1918-1945\" \/> <area title=\"20th\" coords=\"96, 356, 256, 434\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#20th\" \/> <area title=\"18th - 19th\" coords=\"344, 325, 551, 403\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#18th-19th\" \/> <area title=\"17th - 18th\" coords=\"27, 273, 255, 352\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#17th-18th\" \/> <area title=\"14th - 16th\" coords=\"342, 210, 551, 289\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#14th-16th\" \/> <area title=\"11th - 13th\" coords=\"26, 132, 257, 212\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#11th-13th\" \/> <area title=\"9th -11th\" coords=\"343, 47, 549, 126\" shape=\"rect\" href=\"#9th-11th\" \/> <\/map><\/p><h2 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"9th-11th\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>Old Limburgish (9th-11th century)<\/h2><p>From the 9th to 11th centuries, no literature has survived from the Meuse-Rhineland to which Limburg belongs. Only the <em>Wachtendonck Codex<\/em> (\u00b1 900) offers a larger text continuum. Above these Latin psalms, a literal translation of the words is written in the native language. The Latin order of the words has been maintained and therefore no conclusions can be drawn about sentence structure.<\/p><h2 class=\"headline2\">Middle Limburgish (11th-16th century)<\/h2><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"11th-13th\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>11th-13th centuries<\/h3><p>The Limburgish Meuse-Rhineland was one of the most important European literary landscapes in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. This was not because of its own innovative performance. From Romance cultures important narrative motifs were passed on to the neighboring Germanic language regions in the east. Monasteries were important centers of the production of written works. They often produced religiously or contemplatively inspired texts. Private individuals also sometimes wrote texts, focused on the characteristics of their lives or the Limburg Maasland.<\/p><p>Texts were written in different languages, often Latin, but also in Middle Limburgish. The Limburgish written language probably does not fully reflect the vernacular of the time, but often reflected a more Brabantic or Dutch written language.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Henric van Veldeke<\/span>&#8216;s work is well known. As one of the few medieval troubadours, Veldeke wrote lyricism in addition to epic. Veldeke&#8217;s &#8216;Eneas&#8217; novel (1170-1190), a song about the courtly and amorous lover Tristan, and the Saint Servaas legend (\u00b1 1220) with more than 6000 verses are some texts that have been passed on. His work is mainly known from later copies, written in Dutch or German dialects. There are also fragments of Middle Limburgish works by unknown authors. The &#8216;Trierse Floyris&#8217; novel (\u00b1 1200) tells the love story of Floyris and Blancheflor, the grandparents of Charlemagne, who was himself a literary motif of the Meuse-Rhine region. Sint-Brandan&#8217;s journey is a miracle story, probably also from the twelfth century.<\/p><p>The Middle Limburgish writing tradition has survived after Veldeke. Although few texts are known, a charter from the Bishop of Li\u00e8ge of 1202 shows that all books suspected of heresy toward the Holy Scripture were confiscated. It is very clearly indicated that this also includes books in the Germanic vernacular, so what is now Limburgish.<\/p><p>The &#8216;Limburgish Aiol&#8217; (1220) dates from the thirteenth century. It is an epic text that tells one of the many stories of Emperor Charlemagne. Fragments of Limburgish professional language or the language of scientific tracts come from North Limburg in the form of the so-called &#8216;Limburgish Health Rules&#8217; (1253). These were written on the margins of a Latin calendar. The &#8216;Nederrijns Moraalboek&#8217; (1270-1290) is an anthology of moralisations, considerations and quotes from learned authorities. There are also fragments of crusader and romance novels, songs and poems and hagiographies.<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"14th-16th\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>14th-16th centuries<\/h3><p>The &#8216;Limburgish Sermons&#8217; (\u00b1 1300) are a collection of 48 handwritten sermons and tracts that were once part of five hundred manuscripts and early printed works. These Sermons include the &#8216;Maastricht Passion Play&#8217;. In the 14th and 15th centuries, translations of legends of saints&#8217; lives in the vernacular came from the area around Maastricht, Maaseik and Venray. The 15th century produced a &#8216;Limburgish Prayer Book&#8217; from North Limburg and from Tongeren about ten songs. Passed on from the 16th century are prayers from the Maaseik Agneten Monastery and songbooks such as the <em>Venlo-Gelders Huisboek<\/em> and the Venlo-Gelder Song collection. The <em>Venlo-Gelders Huisboek<\/em> is also a source of love poetry. Petrus Treckpoel (1442-1508) wrote a <em>Chronyk der Landen van Overmaas<\/em> at the beginning of the 16th century, chronicling the region&#8217;s history starting during the Old Testament period and ending with observations on contemporary regional political relations.<\/p><h2 class=\"headline2\">New Limburgish (17th-21st century)<\/h2><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"17th-18th\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>17th-18th century<\/h3><p>From the turbulent 17th and 18th centuries a lot fewer literary texts are known than from the preceding centuries. Writings are often of a personal nature; people wanted to record important personal matters and (historical) events.<\/p><p>Only some small literature by <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Jacob Kritzraedt<\/span> (1602-1672) from Gangelt, across the border from Sittard in the Rhineland, is known. Kritzraedt wrote two occasional poems in the form of anagrams at the end of 1640: <em>Get lang<\/em> and <em>Land genug<\/em>.<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"18th-19th\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>18th-19th century<\/h3><p>At the end of the 18th century, writing in Limburgish was stirring again. In the beginning, these writings are mainly occasional texts, such as poems, small stories and songs. Literary works and plays only started to be written from the second half of the 19th century onwards.<\/p><p>The <em>Sermoen euver de w\u00e4\u00f6rd Inter omnes Linguas nulla Mosa Trajestensi prastantior gehauwe in Mestreech 1729<\/em> (\u00b11770) is an anonymous declamation that focuses on foreign influences on the native language. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Ludovic Pascal Delruelle<\/span> (1735-1807) was a parish priest for the Wyckse St.-Martinus parish in Maastricht. For his reproach poems he found inspiration in conversations or insults that he overheard from his window of the parsonage in the street below. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Pieter Gilles Schols<\/span> (1768-1847), <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Paul Lenaerts<\/span> (1777-1836) and <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Andries Piron<\/span> (born 1804) wrote poems or songs in the Limburgish dialect of Maastricht.<\/p><p>The late 18th and early 19th centuries produce more works written in Limburgish. In folk almanacs such as <em>Den Opregten Antwerpschen Almanach<\/em> and <em>Den Opregten Maastrichtsen Almanach<\/em>, stories, poems and songs are published in the Limburgish of Maastricht. They are written for a less literate audience and contain mainly folk motifs.<\/p><p>In 1806, at the request of the French Ministry of the Interior in the Meuse-Rhineland, &#8216;The Prodigal Son&#8217; from chapter 15 of the Gospel of Luke was translated into the vernacular. This to determine in which regions French was the vernacular of the population. For many Limburg dialects, these are the earliest texts from the New Limburgish era. In the nineteenth century The Prodigal Son would prove to be a popular translation text for language research and was translated into many different Limburgish dialects. In 1836, a fragment of a text by Erasmus was also translated into the Limburgish dialect of Weert for language research.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Theodoor Weustenraad<\/span> (1805-1849) wrote his witty and satirical poem <em>De Percessie vaan Sjerpenheuvel<\/em> between 1830 and 1840. His epic poem appeared to be too controversial for its time, due to its portrayal of the hypocrisy of the Catholic Church and many affluent families in Maastricht and his candid descriptions of sex. It was not until 1931 that the entire text was published anonymously by a group of young intellectuals, especially Charles Nypels, with illustrations by Charles Eyck. In 1964 Harie Derks republished it to provoke the bourgeois spirit in Limburg. Lou Spronck published a new, more scientific edition in 1994, with illustrations by Toussaint Essers and one in 2009 as part of his thesis.<\/p><p>During the second half of the 19th century, French or German plays were played in Limburg at the literary societies of <em>Momus<\/em> in Maastricht and <em>d&#8217;n Dramatiek<\/em> in Roermond. In addition to these translations, original works were created, amongst others in the Limburgish dialects of Maastricht, Roermond and Heerlen. In 1889, the novel <em>Oet de Fransentied in Mecklenb\u00f3rg<\/em> narrated in the Limburgish dialect of Roermond was published as serial in the newspaper <em>De Nieuwe Koerier<\/em>. The translator is unknown. As far as is known, this is the longest text in Limburgish from the 19th century.<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"20th\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>20th century<\/h3><p>At the beginning of the twentieth century, in the aftermath of the 19th century tradition, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Fons Olterdissen<\/span> (1865-1923) wrote comic operas. The two best known ones are <em>De Kaptein van K\u00f6penick<\/em> (1907) and <em>Trijn de Begijn<\/em> (1910). Olterdissen also wrote folk stories called <em>Vaan stad en lui veur 50 jaor<\/em> (&#8216;Of the city and the people 50 years ago&#8217;), a <em>petite histoire<\/em> of daily life in Maastricht between 1860-1870.<\/p><p>The voice of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Jules Fr\u00e8re<\/span> (1881-1937) breaks the silence in West-Limburg that spanned the entire 19th century. After returning from a devastating experience during the war years 1915-1917, he wrote his first and only collection of poems <em>Druvig Bukske<\/em>, an ode to his native Old Tongeren.<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"1918-1945\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>1918-1945<\/h3><p>After the First World War, stories and poems appear, especially in various magazines or newspapers. Books are only written by exception. Themes are: the Limburgish identity, chauvinism, religion and the past. Many of the authors are clergy, which probably contributed to the fact that these texts are quite tame and moralistic.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Edmond Franquinet<\/span> (1896-1974) conforms less to the prevailing literary motifs. In 1927 he published a book with Dadaist-inspired stories called <em>Maskeraad<\/em>.<\/p><p>New theater in Limburg came from Frans Schleiden (1896-1955). His plays such as <em>D&#8217;r brand va Bellent<\/em> (1931) and <em>De Koel i Lutterendal<\/em> (1930) were performed until well after the Second World War. Many local theater companies such as the Zuid-Limburgsch-Toneel (ZLT) and A.K.D.IJ. from Spaubeek, specialized in original and translated Limburgish language plays.<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"1945-1960\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>1945-1960<\/h3><p>During the difficult time of post-war reconstruction between 1945 and 1960, Limburg slipped into a conservative Catholicism. After the war, the work of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">B\u00e8r Hollewijn<\/span> (1907-1978) was staged throughout Limburg by the theater company <em>De Kemediespeulers<\/em>. His work is based on Catholic teaching and tries to present those doctrines on a wide range of subjects in a realistic and understandable way for a general audience, in order to combat ways of thinking that were seen as wrong.<\/p><p>After 1954, the <em>Speelgroep Geleen<\/em> also performed about twenty performances of original Limburgish-language plays by <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Hub Janssen<\/span> and <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Sjef Nijsten<\/span>, among others. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Max de Bruin<\/span> also produced translations of works by Wilfried Wroost, Frans Streicher and Erhard Asmus.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Felix Rutten<\/span> (1882-1971) was already a well-known and leading author in Dutch between 1900 and 1940, when he started using his Limburgish from Sittard for his literary work. In addition to Catholicism and the good life of the past, Rutten uses neo-romantic themes. His work includes the Christmas story <em>Daags veur Krismes<\/em> (1957), <em>Novellen<\/em> (1959) and an anthology of his Limburgish-language work <em>Doe bleefs in mich<\/em> (1971) published posthumously.<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"1960-1985\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>1960-1985<\/h3><p>The &#8217;68s were Limburg writers who opposed the conservative Roman tradition. Although the homeland, history and Catholic faith did not disappear completely, the door was opened to a wider range of themes. More books were published and the language itself received attention.<\/p><p>In 1976 Veldeke published an anthology called <em>Mosalect<\/em>, with poems and prose pieces by writers from all over Limburg. It showed how widely Limburgish literature was produced.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Paul van der Goor<\/span> (1932-1983) is a poet and writer, known for a collection of 16 poems <em>T\u00f6sse Vreug- en naojaor<\/em> (1977). He is one of the first to write about themes outside of Limburg, such as his experience of a raid in Amsterdam during the occupation of World War II.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">L\u00e9on Veugen<\/span> (1919-2001) is the author of the first fully-fledged New Limburgish novel. In 1980 he published his novel <em>&#8216;ne Z\u00f6ch van de Ieuwigheid<\/em> (&#8216;A Sigh of Eternity&#8217;). A theme of journeying home, based on a Homeric example, the experience of sexuality and dealing with faith outside the framework of the Catholic Church are innovative and taboo-breaking themes.<\/p><p>More works were also translated. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Jan Wouters<\/span> translated <em>Van de Vos Reinard<\/em> (1963) and <em>Ederein<\/em> (&#8216;Everyman&#8217;). Fons Vossen translated several sonnets of Shakespeare (1976) and his &#8216;A Midsummer-night&#8217;s Dream&#8217; as <em>Ein \u00f4ngerst\u00f3ng v\u00f4l touvering<\/em> (1982).<\/p><h3 class=\"headline2\"><a id=\"1986-now\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>1986-now<\/h3><p>The generation of &#8217;68s has initiated the further maturation of Limburgish literature. After L\u00e9on Veugen, the door was open for full-fledged Limburgish novels, which would now be written by several Limburgish authors.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Jac. Linssen<\/span>&#8216;s (1922) novel <em>Leef en leid in vreuger-jaore <\/em>(&#8216;Love and Sorrow in Earlier Times&#8217;) (1996) recounts the struggle faced by the residents of Maasbracht in 1918 during the difficult times of the Spanish flu epidemic. In 2003, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Jo Cobben<\/span> (1938) wrote a novel <em>De drie \u00e8ngele van Aelse<\/em> (&#8216;The Three Angels of Elsloo&#8217;) in which three angels assess the influence of the new age.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Ger Bertholet<\/span> (1948) is an actor, writer, poet, singer and translator of plays, often under the pseudonym of <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Zj\u00e8r Rapaille<\/span>. His book <em>Sjweitberg<\/em> (1999) contains a selection of his weekly columns. Bertholet discusses subjects such as contraceptives, eroticism, workers&#8217; suffering, and World War II. In addition, he published poetry and wrote the theater monologues like <em>Kn\u00f6tsj<\/em> and <em>Puen d&#8217;r Vuurmond<\/em>.<\/p><p><span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Wim Kuipers<\/span> (Maasniel 1939) writes poetry and stories in Dutch and Limburgish. His publications include <em>Moeles en sjaelevaeger<\/em> (1999), <em>Platlandj, gedichten uit Neel<\/em> (2000) and <em>Kaoleries<\/em> (2002).<\/p><p>At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first the Limburgish language was increasingly used for literature by a growing number of Limburgish authors. <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Joep Leerssen<\/span>, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Raymond Clement<\/span>, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Frits Criens<\/span>, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Jeanne Alsters-van der Hor<\/span>, <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Colla Bemelmans<\/span> and <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">Toos Schoenmakers-Visschers<\/span> are some of the names of writers who write about various subjects. More works have also been translated, including <em>Oet &#8216;t Fabelbook vaan Aesop<\/em> (&#8216;Aesop&#8217;s Fables&#8217;) (2011), <em>De Avventure vaan Alice in Woonderland<\/em> (Alice&#8217;s Adventures in Wonderland&#8217;) (2012) and fifty poems by Konstantinos Kavafis (2019) by Yuri Michielsen.<\/p><p><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Box_E_Text_Digital_Library_Bronnelies_Literatuurhistorie_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Publications<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Digital Library noun (countable) \/\u02c8d\u026ad.\u0292\u026at.\u0259l \u02c8la\u026abr\u0259ri\/ an online place where books, documents and other texts written in dialects of Limburgish are digitally available to borrow or look at Limburg portal of the DBNL Go to Portal Some Limburgish literature is available on the Limburg Portal of the Digital Library of Dutch Literature of the Royal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Library- Limburgse taal &amp; Limburgs dialect | Limburgs.org<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Library - Non-profit organisatie die zorg draagt voor behoud en de verdere ontwikkeling van de Limburgse taal. 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